一般社団法人 日本数学会 Application Server

# アブストラクト事後公開 — 2018年度年会(於:東京大学)

## 総合講演・企画特別講演

 総合講演 — 2018年度日本数学会賞春季賞 離散群のエルゴード理論の諸相 木田良才 (東大数理) My research interests are mainly in discrete countable groups, their actions on measure spaces and the associated orbit equivalence relations. I will discuss historical backgrounds of studying them and recent development. The story ranges over unitary representations of topological groups, the theory of operator algebras and rigidity aspects of simple Lie groups and some countable groups with fascinating features. I will explain how these are related toward recent results on rigidity in orbit equivalence and von Neumann algebras. msjmeeting-2018mar-00p001 PDF 総合講演 境界付きリーマン多様体の崩壊 山口孝男 (京大理) As the Gauss-Bonnet theorem shows, there are relations between curvature and topology of Riemannian manifolds, and studying such relations has been one of the main problems in Differential geometry. The theory of Gromov-Hausdorff convergence of Riemannian manifolds is known to be an effective method in this direction. In this theory, we consider a certain family of closed Riemannian manifolds with a lower curvature bound. The lower curvature bound ensures the precompactness of the family, and one can expect that some topological, geometric or analytic invariants should be bounded on that family. Moreover, it is natural to ask deeper information on manifolds themselves through the convergence. The theory of collapsing Riemannian manifolds answers this question and turns out to be quite effective in some cases. For example, the theory of collapsing Riemnnian three-manifolds was used in Perelman’s work on the geometrization conjecture to determine the topology of the collapsed part of a closed three-manifold under the Ricci flow. In this lecture, after a brief survey of the development of the collapsing theory for closed manifolds, I will mainly focus on recent development of the theory of collapsing Riemannian manifolds with boundary, based on joint works with Zhilang Zhang. msjmeeting-2018mar-00p002 PDF 企画特別講演 離散凸解析と数理経済モデル 田村明久 (慶大理工) Discrete convex analysis is a unified framework of discrete optimization and two concepts, called L-convexity and M-convexity, play important roles in this framework. Structural results of discrete convex analysis include the conjugacy theorem between L-convexity and M-convexity, separation theorems for L-convex/L-concave functions and for M-convex/M-concave functions, and the Fenchel-type discrete duality theorem. Algorithmic aspects of L-convex and M-convex functions have also been discussed in discrete mathematics. In mathematical economics, discrete convex analysis has been applied to models with indivisible commodities. In this talk, I will cover these fundamental topics and recent developments. msjmeeting-2018mar-00f001 PDF 企画特別講演 「竹内の証明論」について 八杉滿利子 Gaisi Takeuti has left us numerous distinguished works in various fields of the foundations of mathematics. Among them, “proof theory” can be proclaimed to have been the matter of his foremost concern. It was deeply related to his desire (dream) to understand the true nature of “sets”. He formulated second order logic (and higher order ones), which is a formalized framework for mathematics, and posed a conjecture, known as “Takeuti’s fundamental conjecture”, which would provide many logical facts, including the consistency, of the formal systems. An attempt of (partially) proving the conjecture is called, as a catchword, “cut elimination” or “consistency proof”. The fundamental conjecture claims that its proofs must be performed within “Hilbert’s Program”, that is, the metamathematical proofs of formal systems must abide by the “finitist viewpoint”. Formalism and finitist viwrpoint are the important thoughts behind Takeuti’s mathematical achievements. In order to prove the fundamental conjecture, Takeuti created and developed a theory of constructive well-ordered structures of notations, called “ordinal diagrams”. Applying this theory, he made a monumental advance of the consistency proof. I will introduce Takeuti’s proof-theoretical results along with the background thoughts, which determined the direction of “Takeuti’s proof theory”. msjmeeting-2018mar-00f002 PDF 企画特別講演 次数付き0次元ゴレンスタイン環のレフシェッツ性 渡辺純三 (東海大名誉教授) The strong Lefschetz property for Artinian Gorenstein algebras is a ring-theoretic abstraction of the Hard Lefschetz Theorem for compact Kähler manifolds. Suppose that $A=\bigoplus _{i=0}^d A_i$ is a graded Artinian Gorenstein algebra. We say that $A$ has the strong Lefschetz property if there exists a linear element $l \in A$ such that the multiplication map $\times l^{d-2i}: A_i \to A_{d-i}$ is bijective for all $i=0,1,2, \ldots , [d/2]$. This can be defined for graded vector spaces and basic properties can be derived as properties of an endomorphism of graded vector spaces. As a consequence, it can be proved that “almost all” Artinian Gorenstein algebras have the strong Lefschetz property. It gives us new problems to ask (1) what classes of Gorenstein algebras have the strong/weak Lefschetz property without exception and (2) what Gorenstein algebras fail to have the strong/weak Lefschetz property. I would like to speak about known results, methods to prove them, applications and problems of the Lefschetz properties of Artinian Gorenstein algebras. msjmeeting-2018mar-00f003 PDF 企画特別講演 — 特別招待講演(日本応用数理学会) マトロイド・パリティ 岩田　覚 (東大情報理工) This talk provides an overview on matroid parity, which was introduced in the 70s as a common generalization of matching and matroid intersection. In particular, we present a combinatorial, deterministic, polynomial-time algorithm for the weighted linear matroid parity problem. msjmeeting-2018mar-00f004 PDF 企画特別講演 3次元トポロジーにおける圏論的構造について 葉廣和夫 (京大数理研) We will review algebraic and category-theoretic structures in 3-dimensional topology. The most well-known structures of such kind are topological quantum field theories, which are vector-space-valued functors on the category of closed surfaces and 3-dimensional cobordisms. We will mainly focus on the category Cob of once-punctured surfaces and cobordisms between them, introduced by Crane and Yetter and by Kerler, and some of its subcategories. The category Cob has a structure of a braided monoidal category, and it is equipped with a Hopf algebra object. We will consider braided subcategories sLCob and LCob of Cob, which are called the category of special Lagrangian and Lagrangian cobordisms, respectively, where sLCob is also a subcategory of LCob. The category sLCob may be identified with the opposite of the category H of handlebodies and “disc-based” embeddings. We will also discuss functors on these categories, which may be regarded as functorial 3-manifold invariants. msjmeeting-2018mar-00f005 PDF 企画特別講演 量子旗多様体と量子群の表現 谷崎俊之 (阪市大理) By the work of Brylinsiki-Kashiwara and Belinson-Bernstein we can localize representations of complex simple Lie algebras on the flag manifolds. There is also a similar theory in positive characteristics due to Bezrukavnikov-Mirkovic-Rumynin. In this talk I would like to talk about the corresponding results for quantized enveloping algebras using the quantized flag manifolds. The quantized flag manifold is not an algebraic variety in the ordinary sense; it is a non-commutative scheme equipped with non-commutative ring of functions. Nevertheless, we have the notion of $D$-modules on the quantized flag manifolds, by which we can localize representations of quantized enveloping algebras on the quantized flag manifolds. msjmeeting-2018mar-00f006 PDF 企画特別講演 距離空間における作用素半群と微分方程式 田中直樹 (静岡大理) The nonlinear Hille–Yosida theorem in Hilbert spaces was established in 1967 by Kōmura. After his pioneering work, a generation theorem of semigroups of contractions in general Banach spaces was proved in 1971 by Crandall and Liggett. The notion of semigroups of Lipschitz operators in Banach spaces was introduced by Kobayashi in 1990’s as a nonlinear analogue of strongly continuous semigroups of bounded linear operators. Metric-like functionals, not the metrics induced by norms, play an important role in characterizing such semigroups with continuous generators. What happens if we avoid using not only norms but also linear structures? I will talk about mutational equations described by ‘transitions’ and ‘mutations’, which are mathematical tools extending the concept of differential equations to the case of metric spaces. The mutational analysis was initiated by Aubin in 1990’s to analyze varying shapes, and has been recently developed by Lorenz to give a unified way to various types of evolution equations. Their abstract results can be extended to apply to quasilinear evolution equations due to Kato. msjmeeting-2018mar-00f007 PDF